Help Wanted? - Books - OECD i. Library. Mark. Click to Access. "Dr. Turndorf has written a remarkably moving chronicle of her own life, and uses it as a spiritually insightful guide to effectively help others.". ![]() Foreword. There comes a time in many people’s lives when their functional and physical abilities decline. To continue to live an active and fulfilling life, people need help – from family, friends, or from people employed to help. Acknowledgements. This book is the result of work undertaken at OECD and the product of truly concerted efforts between the OECD Secretariat, governmental delegates and experts from many OECD countries. Within the OECD Secretariat, two Divisions of the Directorate for Employment, Labour and Social Affairs – the Health Division and the Social Policy Division – collaborated on the project. Glossary. Executive Summary. In 1. 95. 0, less than 1% of the global population was aged over 8. By 2. 05. 0, the share of those aged 8. OECD countries. This population ageing is being accompanied by family ties becoming looser. The need for community involvement in the care for frail and disabled seniors is growing and will do so ever more rapidly in OECD countries. Summary and Conclusions. With population ageing, no clear signs of a reduction in disability among older people, family ties becoming looser and growing female labour- market participation, it is not surprising that the need for care for frail and disabled seniors is growing.* Growth in older age cohorts is the main driver of increased demand for long- term care across OECD countries. Indeed, policy discussion around long- term care reforms is often framed in the context of pressures arising from ageing societies. The statistics speak for themselves.
In 1. 95. 0, less than 1% of the global population was aged over 8. In OECD countries, the share of those aged 8. Long- term Care. Long- term care (LTC) is a growing, but relatively small sector in the economy. People older than 6. LTC services, while women are the main recipients of services. LTC is a labour intensive sector, which is mostly publicly funded. On average, LTC expenditure accounts for 1. ![]() GDP across the OECD. Most care is provided by family carers. The LTC workforce (mostly women working part- time in a majority of countries) is about 1. OECD workforce. Over the last ten years, new long- term care programmes have been implemented in a number of countries, including cash- for- care programmes in European countries and the United States, aiming at providing consumers with more choice and control over LTC services. Due to the variety in target groups, governance, provision and workforce, LTC services are often fragmented. The connection with health systems is sometimes poor. The size, benefits, target groups, use, provision, governance and financing of long- term care differ markedly across countries. This chapter provides an overview of the sector in OECD countries. It begins by defining long- term care. In the following sections, it offers a snapshot of who uses, provides, and pays for long- term care services. Another section describes available services, with a focus on cash- for- care programmes, while the final section offers a short overview of recent policy developments in the sector. Sizing Up the Challenge Ahead. Pressures on long- term care (LTC) systems are expected to grow in the future, for at least four reasons. First, although the speed at which populations are ageing varies considerably across countries, and despite uncertainties about future trends in disability among the population, demographic transformations will increase demand for LTC services in all societies. Second, changing societal models – such as declining family size, changes in residential patterns of people with disabilities and rising female participation in the formal labour market – are likely to contribute to a decline in the availability of family carers, leading to an increase in the need for paid care. Third, as societies become wealthier, individuals demand better quality and more responsive social- care systems. People want care systems that are patient- oriented and that can supply well co- ordinated care services. Fourth, technological change enhances possibilities for long- term care services at home but may require a different organisation of care. These factors will create upward pressure on the demand for long- term care services. They will raise pressure for improving the provision of care services and their performance, and, therefore, their cost. This chapter presents demographic forecasts for OECD countries, and projections on family carers in selected OECD countries and long- term care costs. The Impact of Caring on Family Carers. Supporting the role of informal carers (family and friends providing mostly unpaid care to frail seniors) is important to provide an adequate continuum of care between informal and formal care. While caregiving can be beneficial for carers in terms of their self- esteem, it can be difficult for working- age carers to combine paid work with caring duties and carers may choose to quit paid works or reduce the work hours. This may compromise their future employability and lead to permanent drop- out from the labour market. Caring may also cause burnout and stress, potentially leading to worsening physical and mental health. This chapter offers an overview of the characteristics of family carers and the impact of caring for frail seniors on labour market and health outcomes of carers. This will provide insights in how to shape policy reforms with the objectives of 1) helping carers to combine caring responsibilities with paid work; and 2) improving carers’ physical and mental wellbeing by reducing mental health problems. Countries which want to maintain or increase reliance on family carers will need to alleviate the burden of family carers and reduce the economic costs associated with caring responsibilities. Policies to Support Family Carers. In most countries, family carers and friends supply the bulk of caring, and the estimated economic value exceeds by far expenditure on formal care. A continuation of caring roles will be essential given future demographic and cost pressures facing long- term care (LTC) systems across the OECD. This is also what care recipients themselves prefer. Continuing to seek ways to support and maintain the supply of family care appears therefore a potentially win- win- win approach: For the care recipient; for the carers; and for public systems. This chapter provides an overview and an assessment of the current set of policies targeted to family carers, in relation to three main aspects: Caring and the labour market, carers’ wellbeing, and financial recognition to carers. The effectiveness of policies in helping carers combine care with paid work, in reducing burnout and stress of carers, and in recognising the additional costs associated with caring will then be discussed. Long- Term Care Workers. This chapter describes the size and the composition of the long- term care (LTC) workforce, in terms of gender and skill mix, working hours and work pressures. The analysis focuses on the two major parts of the LTC workforce: those working in home care and those working in institutional care. Developments in the mix of qualifications in nursing LTC are considered. The chapter then examines the relative importance of factors behind the difficulties in matching demand for, with the supply of, LTC workers, such as salary levels and working conditions. ![]() The analysis seeks to answer the following questions: does the workforce meet current (and potential) demand? How many people work in the different components of LTC sector and what is their background? What are the working conditions in the LTC sector? What can be said about developments over time? How to Prepare for the Future Long- term Care Workforce? Although the effects of the economic crisis may mitigate shortages of LTC workers in the near future, an integrated approach is required to prepare for the LTC workforce in the longer term. Measures can be targeted at education, recruitment and retention, as well as at job content, productivity and quality. These can cover subsectors (home care, day care, residential care) but could also take the form of integrated sector approaches. Ask Doctor Love | Consult For Marriage. Our Love Revolution is picking up speed! For a decade, I have been working tirelessly to change the way the world looks at death and dying. Working to help the world realize that we don't die and therefore our relationships aren't meant to end with bodily death. And, most importantly, working to let everyone know that the only way to heal the pain of loss is to reconnect with our loved ones in spirit.
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